2021考研英语一冲刺新题型模拟试题练习1

考研冲刺阶段最不可缺少的就是临场模拟，不仅要适应考场的紧张气氛，还要进行查漏补缺。因此，大家在做模拟训练时，一定要把控好时间，在合适的时间段内，把控好正确率，从而对自己做一个考前评估!当然，模拟训练本身并不是很重要，毕竟不是真实的考试，主要是从模拟训练中发现自己的不足，从而填补自己不完整的脑海的思维导图，争取在进考场前达到十足的把握!

Part B

Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41~45, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In 2007, the standard recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to new parents worried about their child developing an allergy to peanuts, eggs or other common dietary allergens was to avoid those items like the plague until the child was two or three years old. 41. It recommended that high-risk children be systematically fed “infant-safe” peanut products as early as four to six months of age to prevent this common and sometimes life-threatening allergy.

These are not casual changes. They match advice from a federal panel of experts and reflect the results of large randomized studies—with the inevitable cute acronyms. One called LEAP (Learning Early About Peanut Allergy), published in 2015, found that feeding peanut products to high-risk infants between four and 11 months old led to an 81 percent lower rate of peanut allergy at age five, compared with similar babies who were not given that early exposure. 42. The results were strongest for peanuts, where the allergy rate fell to zero, compared with 2.5 percent in the control group.

Gideon Lack, a professor of pediatric allergy at King’s College London and senior author of both LEAP and EAT, proposed a leading theory about how these allergies develop and the role of eczema. 43. In contrast, if a child’s first exposure is through food molecules that enter through eczema-damaged skin, those molecules can instigate an allergic response. Research with mice strongly supports this idea, whereas in humans the evidence is more circumstantial.

Lack points out that peanut allergy is more prevalent in countries where peanuts or peanut butter is popular and widespread in the environment, mustard seed allergy is common in mustard-loving France and buckwheat allergy occurs in soba-loving Japan. 44.

A modern emphasis on hygiene may also contribute, Lack notes: “We bathe infants and shower young children all the time, very often once a day or more, which you could argue breaks down the skin barrier.” 45.

Early dietary exposure is now the confirmed preventive strategy for peanuts and, pending more research, perhaps the other foods, although this is more easily said than done.

[A] Another trial, known as EAT (Enquiring About Tolerance), published in 2016, found that after parents carefully followed a protocol to begin feeding peanut protein, eggs and four other allergenic foods to healthy, breastfed infants between three and six months of age, the babies had a 67 percent lower prevalence of food allergies at age three than did a control group.

[B] “Parents are eating these foods, then touching or kissing their babies,” Lack suggests, “and the molecules penetrate through the skin.”

[C] Egg allergies also fell, but the AAP is waiting for more data on eggs, says Scott Sicherer, a professor of pediatrics, allergy and immunology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and an author of the April report. “We don’t want to tell people to do something where there isn’t really good evidence.”

[D] His theory—“dual allergen exposure hypothesis”—holds that we become tolerant to foods by introducing them orally to the gut immune system.

[E] In EAT, parents had to get their babies to swallow at least four grams per week of each of the allergenic edibles, and many found it to be challenging.

[F] Researchers are examining whether applying barrier creams such as CeraVe can help stave off food allergies.

[G] But in 2008 AAP dropped that guidance, after studies showed it did not help. And in its latest report, issued in April, the AAP completed the reversal—at least where peanuts are concerned.

【答案】GADBF

【解析】

第一步：读首段，知主题：在如何预防婴儿花生、鸡蛋等制品过敏的问题上，官方改变了对家长的建议。

第二步：读选项，找线索，圈画出衔接标志词：指示代词;逻辑关系词衔接;时间、地点、数字衔接。如下所示：

[A] Another trial, known as EAT (Enquiring About Tolerance), published in 2016, found that after parents carefully followed a protocol to begin feeding peanut protein, eggs and four other allergenic foods to healthy, breastfed infants between three and six months of age, the babies had a 67 percent lower prevalence of food allergies at age three than did a control group.

[B] “Parents are eating these foods, then touching or kissing their babies,” Lack suggests, “and the molecules penetrate through the skin.”

[C] Egg allergies also fell, but the AAP is waiting for more data on eggs, says Scott Sicherer, a professor of pediatrics, allergy and immunology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and an author of the April report. “We don’t want to tell people to do something where there isn’t really good evidence.”

[D] His theory—“dual allergen exposure hypothesis”—holds that we become tolerant to foods by introducing them orally to the gut immune system.

[E] In EAT, parents had to get their babies to swallow at least four grams per week of each of the allergenic edibles, and many found it to be challenging.

[F] Researchers are examining whether applying barrier creams such as CeraVe can help stave off food allergies.

[G] But in 2008 AAP dropped that guidance, after studies showed it did not help. And in its latest report, issued in April, the AAP completed the reversal—at least where peanuts are concerned.

第三步：回空格前后寻找衔接标志，标注出衔接词如下。再利用选项中鲜明的衔接标志匹配答案。

In 2007, the standard recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to new parents worried about their child developing an allergy to peanuts, eggs or other common dietary allergens was to avoid those items like the plague until the child was two or three years old. 41. It recommended that high-risk children be systematically fed “infant-safe” peanut products as early as four to six months of age to prevent this common and sometimes life-threatening allergy.

These are not casual changes. They match advice from a federal panel of experts and reflect the results of large randomized studies—with the inevitable cute acronyms. One called LEAP (Learning Early About Peanut Allergy), published in 2015, found that feeding peanut products to high-risk infants between four and 11 months old led to an 81 percent lower rate of peanut allergy at age five, compared with similar babies who were not given that early exposure. 42. The results were strongest for peanuts, where the allergy rate fell to zero, compared with 2.5 percent in the control group.

Gideon Lack, a professor of pediatric allergy at King’s College London and senior author of both LEAP and EAT, proposed a leading theory about how these allergies develop and the role of eczema. 43. In contrast, if a child’s first exposure is through food molecules that enter through eczema-damaged skin, those molecules can instigate an allergic response. Research with mice strongly supports this idea, whereas in humans the evidence is more circumstantial.

Lack points out that peanut allergy is more prevalent in countries where peanuts or peanut butter is popular and widespread in the environment, mustard seed allergy is common in mustard-loving France and buckwheat allergy occurs in soba-loving Japan. 44.

A modern emphasis on hygiene may also contribute, Lack notes: “We bathe infants and shower young children all the time, very often once a day or more, which you could argue breaks down the skin barrier.” 45.

Early dietary exposure is now the confirmed preventive strategy for peanuts and, pending more research, perhaps the other foods, although this is more easily said than done.

41题空前有明显的时间标志：In 2007，G项有同样明显的时间标志：in 2008;且41题空前American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)与G项AAP形成复现关系。故41题答案为G项。

42题空前one与A项Another形成表示并列关系的固定搭配词组;且42题空后The results暗示42题空中会提到某个实验或研究，由此推测答案为A项。

43题空前Gideon Lack和a leading theory与D项His theory形成指代关系和原词复现，难度较小，答案为D项。

44题空前有三个相似句型，需重点注意，提到大量食物，与B项these food构成指代关系，由此推测答案为B项。

45题空前无明显衔接词，但是F项中的barrier creams与45题空前的skin barrier形成原词复现，推测答案为F项。

第四步：通读全文，检查一致性和连贯性。

【参考译文】

2007年，对那些担心自己的孩子对花生、鸡蛋或其他常见饮食过敏物过敏的新父母来说，美国儿科学会(AAP)的标准建议是，在孩子两三岁之前要像避瘟疫一样躲避这些食物。41.但在2008年，AAP放弃了这一指导，因为研究表明它丝毫没有起到作用。在其4月发布的最新报告中，AAP的指导发生了大反转——至少在涉及花生的情况中是这样的。该学会建议高危儿童应早在4到6个月大时就系统食用 “婴儿安全”花生类产品，以防止这种常见的、有时危及生命的过敏反应。

这些不是偶然的变化。这与来自联邦专家小组的建议相符，并反映了大型随机研究的结果。这些研究名称的首字母缩略词总是会很可爱。2015年发表的一项名为LEAP(早早了解花生过敏)的研究发现，与早期没有喂食过敏食物的高危婴儿相比，给4到11个月大的高危婴儿喂食花生产品会使其在5岁时花生过敏的机率降低81%。42.2016年发布的另一项名为EAT(询问耐受性)的试验发现，父母认真遵循协议，开始给3到6个月大的健康的、母乳喂养的婴儿喂食花生蛋白、鸡蛋和其他四种过敏性食物后，婴儿在三岁时的食物过敏患病率比对照组降低了67%。花生组的试验效果最明显，花生过敏的几率降至零，而对照组的过敏几率为2.5%。

Gideon Lack是伦敦国王学院儿科过敏学教授，也是LEAP和EAT两项研究报告的第一作者。他提出了有关这些过敏反应如何发展以及湿疹作用的领先理论。43.他的理论是“双重过敏原接触假说”，认为我们通过口服让食物进入肠道免疫系统，从而能够对他们产生耐受性。相反，如果孩子第一次接触的过敏食物是通过湿疹受损皮肤进入的食物分子，这些分子则会引起过敏反应。通过对小白鼠的研究有力地证明了这一观点，而在对人类的研究中这一证据更为间接。

Lack指出，花生过敏在一些花生或花生黄油很受欢迎并广泛食用的国家更常见。芥末籽过敏在爱吃芥末的法国很常见，荞麦过敏则发生在爱吃荞麦面的日本。44.Lack表示：“父母吃这些食物，然后抚摸或亲吻他们的婴儿，这些食物分子就会渗透到皮肤中。”

现代人对卫生的重视也可能有所影响，Lack指出：“我们一直为婴儿和小孩洗澡，常常一天一次或多次，这可能会破坏皮肤屏障。”45.研究人员正在研究使用像CeraVe这样的隔离霜是否可以帮助避免食物过敏。

如今，早期喂养过敏食物已被证实可以作为花生过敏的预防策略，但还需要